Down Syndrome - Genatical Deasese

Down Syndrome is a genetic. Decease and It is a congenital disorder. Most people have 23 pairs of (46 chromosomes) in there cell. But down syndrome people have extra chromosome in 21 th Par of chromosome. so there are 47 total number of chromosomes. This extra chromosomes is effect to Development of Peoples body.

When we Consider about Down syndrome children,

1. Down syndrome children are developed slower than other children
2. They have some health Problems
3. Eyes are almond shaped
4. Nose is flat
5. They have large tongue
6. Head and hands are Smaller
7. They have wide feet with Short toes
8. Tone Muscles are poor
9. More flexible joints with compare to Normal children

Some down syndrome children have more signs of above and other have few of those. Then Down syndrome appearing about one of every 800 births.

This Down syndrome chilled needs supportive and Preventive medical care to mange there life conditions. If we give good care to down syndrome chilled they can build up there life as normal child. Some child are educated and complete there degree and they build up cheerful life. So we should maintain good physical and Social condition of Down syndrome chilled.

Introduction about Chromosome in Cells

Chromosomes can be found in nucleus of the each living cells. That controls all the function of the cell and other control materials. The Fundamental material of chromosomes is DNA. This DNA Molecules are packaged as thread like structure and that is tightly coiled around the Proteins. This coiled like structure support to make the chromosomes structure and it is called Histones. Chromosomes are Microscopic material and can be found in cell Nucleus.

When we consider more about the Chromosomes, They have Constriction point called Centromere. Which is point that divided chromosomes to two parts called "arms". The Short arm of the chromosomes is called “P arm" and Longs arm of the chromosomes is called “Q arm"

Chromosomes are leads to Maintain characters of the cells and other all cell factions. As an example, when we consider about Human Cells Nucleus. There are 46 chromosomes and they contain as pairs so that have 23 pairs of chromosomes. All 22 Pairs of chromosomes are same in both females and Males and this 22 pairs if chromosomes are called Autosomes and lead all faction except sex characters. Other chromosomes (23 rd pair of chromosome) are different between males and Females. Female’s chromosomes fair have two copies of X chromosome and Males chromosomes fair have X chromosome and Y chromosome.

Introduction of Living Cells

Structural Building units of plant and Animals are called Cells. They are fundamental building blokes of life. Amount of cell are very from the type of organisms as Single cell organisms like Bacteria, malty cellular structure like Tissue, organ and Organism like plant and animals.

Cells are mostly small structure and composed with water and out of structure made by phospholipids by layer membrane. This layer is allowing to go inside and go outside to some component this is called semi permeable. Because not allow to go and come out all things. Only Permit to go some component.

Cell element contain 59% of Hydrogen (H), 24% of Oxygen (O), 11% of Carbon (C), 4 % of nitrogen and 2 % of other like prosperous (P), Sulphur (S) etc. The Cells have 90% of fluid called cytoplasm. Cytoplasm consists of Protein, Carbohydrates, fats, Free Amino acid and number of other elements. The cell Environment consists of Cytoplasm and Nucleus like DNA, RNA. This Cell environment affects Gene Expression and Gene Regulation.

DNA Viruses (Double Standard)

DNA Viruses Conceptually, the simplest viruses to understand are those with genomes of double stranded DNA (dsDNA). The nucleocapsid of this type of virus enters the cell it proceeds to the nucleus where it mimics the genome of the host cell. Usually, viral genome is replicated using the host cell DNA polymerase and viral genome is transcribed by the host cell RNA polymerase. Resulting transcripts carrying information encoding viral proteins is then transported to the cytoplasm and seen as template by the host cell Ribosomes. Some of these newly synthesized viral proteins are used as the protein capsid around newly replicated viral DNA molecules and these new virions are released from the cell, where they target other host cells and trigger new rounds of infection

Double Standard DNA viruses that exploit the host cell machinery to complete their life cycles can carry small genomes encoding mostly viral structural proteins like those for the capsid. The dependence of these viruses on the host cell replication machinery creates a potentially awkward situation; the enzymes of DNA replication are generally not expressed in quiescent cells.  Most of the cells infected will be in G and therefore inhospitable hosts. Some dsDNA viruses are herpes virus family or the Epstein Barr virus has large genomes that contain greater than sixty genes